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Definition and Classification of Multi-rotor UAV (Episode Ⅰ)

2023-04-28
Definition:

Unmanned aerial vehicle, or UAV, refers to an aircraft that can fly autonomously or remotely without an operator on board.


Multi-rotor UAV is a special unmanned helicopter with three or more rotor axes. It rotates through an electric motor on each shaft to drive the rotor, which generates lift thrust. The total pitch of the rotor is fixed, rather than variable, as in a conventional helicopter. By changing the relative speed between different rotors, the single-axis propulsion force can be changed, so as to control the trajectory of the aircraft.

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Classification:

1. classification by the number of axis :
Common multi-rotor UAVs have three axes, four axes, six axes and eight axes. Generally speaking, the number of motor axes is even. This arrangement can make the flight control algorithm more simple and the aircraft is more stable.

Take the most common four-rotor UAV as an example. When the propeller of the UAV rotates at a high speed, the air will generate resistance, which will cause the UAV to spin in flight. To counteract this air resistance, the adjacent propellers are arranged to turn opposite, so that the air resistance of the propellers cancels each other out, thus ensuring a stable flying attitude of the UAV.

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2. Classification by rotor layout:

Rotor layout is divided into I, X, V, Y and so on

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3. Classification by power:
It can be divided into oil-powered multi-rotor UAVs, electric multi-rotor uAVs and oil-electric hybrid multi-rotor UAVs

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4. Classification by weight:

Miniature multi-rotor UAV: Weight of empty aircraft and total take-off weight less than 1.5KG.
Lightweight multi-rotor UAV: the air weight is between 1.5-4KG, and the total take-off weight is between 1.5-7KG.
Medium multi-rotor UAV: The empty weight is between 4-15KG, and the full take-off weight is between 7-25KG.

Large multi-rotor UAV: The empty weight is over 15KG, and the take-off full weight is over 25KG.

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